The Revolutionary Era, Third Edition, provides a vivid historical account of the forces that shaped early nineteenth-century Europe.Thoroughly revised and updated in light of recent scholarship, the text introduces compelling perspectives on the French and Industrial Revolutions, integrates new discussions of cultural and social history, and expands coverage of southern and eastern Europe. While preserving the integrity of earlier editions, new coauthor Matthew Levinger broadens the analysis by exploring the everyday experiences of the working classes with those of the political and social elites. Illustrations, maps