This new Encyclopedia draws upon articles in The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2nd Edition (described by Choice as being "a premier resource when judged on virtually every criteria applied to a reference work") with revisions as well as new articles. The purpose of the volume is to provide classroom researchers, teacher educators, and teachers with a sound, reasonable body of knowledge that can be used to guide their efforts to understand and improve the teaching-learning process. While individual research studies may yield different results and recommendations the compilation of such studies by experts in the field provide useful guidelines within which researchers, teacher educators and teachers can operate. The entries in this encyclopedia will provide a body of knowledge to inform, guide and/or justify their teaching practices. The second edition is divided into two parts: teaching and teacher education. Part one contains eight sections: the nature and characteristics of teachers, theories and models of teaching, instructional programs and strategies, teaching skills and techniques, school and classroom factors, students and the teaching-learning process, teaching for specific objectives, and the study of teaching. Part two contains three sections: concepts and issues in teacher education, generic initial teacher education, and continuing teacher education.