This volume of International Review of Neurobiology defines primary biochemical causation of diabetic complications, identifies cellular glucose transducers, balancing roles of protein kinase C and MAP kinases, and sets in context the role of apoptosis and the interactive roles of neurons and Schwann cells. It also defines the cell biology of autonomic neuropathy, considers the balanced needs of science, clinical practice, and economics in clinical trial design, provides the definitive evaluation of aldose reductase inhibitors, and explains the failure of nerve growth factor. One of the most successful series in the field of neuroscience continues its standard of excellence with this newest edition. Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists.