Charles Kingsley was a 19th century British novelist. Kingsley became a minister before becoming a Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge. Kingsley often used his writing to champion social issues. Sir Walter Raleigh (c. 1552 - 29 October 1618) was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, and explorer. He took part in the suppression of two rebellions and participated in two infamous massacres at Rathlin Island and Smerwick. He later became a landlord of lands confiscated from the Irish. In 1585 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth. Raleigh was involved in the colonization of Virginia. In 1591 he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without requesting the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset.