- It may be argued that Mussolini (1883 1945, dictator of Italy 1922 1943) invented modern crony capitalism. Although he described himself as a socialist, he rejected the Marxist version. As he saw it, the state would not own the economy. Ownership would nominally remain in private hands, although the state would exercise total control. Government control without direct ownership had the advantage that when the economy did well, the state could take credit. When the economy did poorly, private parties could be blamed. Prior to the debacle of World War II, many of Mussolini s policies were admired by democrats such as economist John Maynard Keynes and President Franklin Roosevelt. Today nobody supports what came to be called fascism, but nevertheless many of the economic policies central to it survive and even dominate in countries all over the world. This unique collection of Mussolini s statements about economics is important, all the more so since many of them have not been previously available in English. Professor Carlo Celli has reviewed all the available material and created a masterful compilation of the most important primary documents. He also provides an introduction to set the scene and an appendix of economic data to clarify what was happening at the time. If you are interested in the origins of today s crony capitalism and in better understanding it, you will want this book.