Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher. He was born in Stuttgart, southwest Germany. One of his biggest achievements was to introduce the idea that History and the concrete are important in getting out of the circle of philosophia perennis, i.e., the perennial problems of philosophy. His influence has been widespread on writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (F. H. Bradley, Sartre, Hans Kung, Bruno Bauer, Karl Marx), and his detractors (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling).