During the nineteenth century in Ecuador, writers produced novels that contributed to literary movements and schools of thought within Spanish-American literature. Placido (1871) by Francisco Campos and Entre el amor y el deber: Escenas de la campana de 1882-1883 en el Ecuador (1886) by Teofilo Pozo Monsalve are serious contributions to Romanticism. El hombre de las ruinas... (1869) by Francisco Javier Salazar Arboleda, departs from a raw Realism, but ultimately arrives vigorously at the characteristics associated with Naturalism. Conversely, Soledad by Jose Peralta (1885) and Timoleon Coloma: Dibujos de costumbres quitenas (1887) by Carlos Rodolfo Tobar represent the consolidation of the realistic novel during the last quarter of the century; shortly thereafter, Campana y campanero (1891), by Honorato Vazquez, expresses attachment to Ecuadorian fiction and turn-of-the-century Spiritualistic Realism. The selection of essays concludes with Titania (1892) by Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, a...