This story is classically told in a way that has not been done since Bertrand Russell"s History of Western Philosophy in the mid 20th century. The classic tale holds that in pagan antiquity it was the Stoics versus the Epicureans with the Skeptics unable to decide between the two. Christianity then subsumes the Rational moral theistic Stoics who are in the tradition of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The Christians continue to oppose the atheist, hedonistic Epicureans, who are in the humanist tradition of the Greek Sophists. The Christians also oppose a new player in the early centuries of the Church, namely, Neo-Platonism, which attempts to construct an amoral, spiritual-humanism to oppose Christianity. These debates largely die from 500 to 1500 AD, but in modernity Spinoza and Hegel revive the failed Neo-Platonism of antiquity while atheists like Voltaire and Hume revive the failed Epicureans of antiquity. Both of these groups oppose the traditional, Christian theists Thomas...