This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1889 Excerpt: ...straight when bolted together, the plan originally adopted was to leave the cap stones of the intermediate piers loose, and while the pipe still rested on the original blocking, such cap stones were raised, by inserting wooden wedges between the stone and pier, till the saddles pressed against the flanges. The joint thus opened was carefully grouted, the mortar Dr. Emery. allowed to set, the wedges were then removed, and the openings left by them grouted. A little later, at the suggestion of the street superintendent, to enable him to finish the piers at one operation, the wooden wedges were left in, and their ends built into the side walls. These wedges were only about 3 inches wide, and it was calculated that the grouting on either side of the same would support the weight,...