This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 Excerpt: ...be treated separately from the safety of rails, and here the value of the tup test in conjunction with the chemical composition was shown, both of which the Mr. Sandberg. Author seemed to have discarded altogether in favour of the tensile and dead-load tests. For his own reports on the testing of rail steel he used first the tup test with deflection, then tensile tests with the tons per square inch and elongation, and also chemical tests, all samples being taken by his own inspectors. It was noteworthy that the tons per square inch very nearly coincided with the percentage of carbon. A safe rail was required of sufficient hardness to resist abrasion and crushing, or flow of metal, and, considering the large quantities now being made1 and inspected daily, these qualities could be...