This book is designed for use in courses that the economics of development in Africa and other developing countries. I am confident that this book will be helpful to meet the requirements of the economic researchers as well university students who studying the courses of economics, and management at graduate and post graduate levels. This study resulted from six years of living and teaching as a professor of development economics at Addis Ababa University, Gondar University and Debre Birhan University in Ethiopia as well as travel Kenya as a researcher. These experiences have helped shape and refine a book that is unique in approach, organization, and pedagogy in the context of a major set of problems, such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, environmental decay, and rural stagnation under the feudal monarchy, Marxist and capitalist systems.