In the first edition of this book published in 1988, Shirley Engle and I offered a broader and more democraticcurriculum as an alternative to the persistent back-to-the-basics rhetoric of the '70s and '80s. This curriculumurged attention to democratic practices and curricula in the school if we wanted to improve the quality of citizenparticipation and strengthen this democracy. School practices during that period reflected a much lower priorityfor social studies. Fewer social studies offerings, fewer credits required for graduation and in many cases, the job descriptions of social studiescurriculum coordinators were transformed by changing their roles to general curriculum consultants. The mentality that prevailed in thenation's schools was "back to the basics" and the basics never included or even considered the importance of heightening the education ofcitizens. We certainly agree that citizens must be able to read, write and calculate but these abilities are not sufficient for effective citizenshipin a democracy.This version of the original work appears at a time when young citizens, teachers and schools find themselves deluged by a proliferation ofcurriculum standards and concomitant mandatory testing. In the '90s, virtually all subject areas including United States history, geography,economic and civics developed curriculum standards, many funded by the federal government. Subsequently, the National Council for theSocial Studies issued the Social ...