Goldwin Smith was a British/Canadian journalist and historian in the late 19th century. During the Civil War Goldwin believed in the Northern cause. His essay Does the Bible sanction American Slavery? (1863), played a prominent part in converting English opinion. William Cowper was an English poet and hymnodist. Cowper changed the direction of 18th century nature poetry by writing about everyday life and scenes of the English countryside. He fought with bouts of insanity throughout his life. He was fortunate to have good friends who helped him through the difficult times.