This book primarily written to meet the needs of practicing engineers in a large variety of industries where reciprocating machines are used, although all of the material is suitable for college undergraduate level design engineering courses. It is expected that the reader is familiar with basic to medium level calculus offered at the college undergraduate level. The first chapter of the book deals with classical vibration theory, starting with a single degree of freedom system, to develop concepts of damping, response and unbalance. The second chapter deals with types and classification of reciprocating machines, while the third chapter discusses detail-design aspects of machine components. The fourth chapter introduces the dynamics of slider and crank mechanism, and provides explanation of the purpose and motion of various components. The fifth chapter looks into dynamic forces created in the system, and methods to motion of various components. The fifth chapter looks into dynamic forces created in the system, and methods to balance gas pressure and inertia loads. The sixth chapter explains the torsional vibration theory and looks at the different variables associated with it. Chapter seven analyzes flexural vibrations and lateral critical speed concepts, together with journal bearings and their impact on a rotating system. Advanced analytical techniques to determine dynamic characteristics of all major components of reciprocating machinery are presented in chapter eight. Methods to mitigate torsional vibrations in a crankshaft using absorbers are analyzed in close detail. Various mechanisms of flexural excitation sources and their response on a rotor-bearing system are explored. Stability of a rotor and different destabilizing mechanisms are also included in this chapter. Techniques in vibration measurement and balancing of reciprocating and rotating systems are presented in chapter nine...